ABSTRACT One of the bottlenecks for maize (Zea mays L.) production is the need for a large supply of nitrogen fertilizers, which burdens farmers. A solution to this problem is the use of proteobacteria Azospirillum brasilense as an inoculant. However, experimental results regarding this inoculant vary depending, for instance, on the soil cultivation practices used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on morphophysiological characters and yield characteristics of three maize genotypes in two off-season cultivated in no-tillage system (NT). Fallow soil (FS) was used as control. The results showed that soil cultivation had a significant effect on morphophysiological and productivity parameters compared to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. There were no distinct morphophysiological differences among the treatments. FS (inoculated or not) was more closely related to productivity parameters (grain yield-YI, weight of 100 seeds-100SW, plant height-PH and number of leaves-NL) than NT in both off-seasons. Among the hybrids, Dekalb 255 PRO3 (DKB 255) showed the highest YI and 100SW. Thus, this hybrid was considered well-adapted to off-seasons in western Paraná, Brazil. The inoculation effect was practically null and did not influence the estimated productivity of the different chosen hybrids.

RESUMO Um dos gargalos da produção de milho (Zea mays L.) é a necessidade de uma grande oferta de fertilizantes nitrogenados, o que onera os agricultores. Uma solução para esse problema é o uso da proteobactéria Azospirillum brasilense como inoculante. No entanto, os resultados experimentais com esse inoculante variam dependendo, por exemplo, da prática de cultivo do solo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense em caracteres morfofisiológicos e características de produtividade de três genótipos de milho em duas entressafras cultivados em plantio direto. O sistema de pousio (PS) foi usado como controle neste processo. Os resultados mostraram que esses sistemas tiveram um efeito significativo nos parâmetros morfofisiológicos e de produtividade em comparação com a inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense. Não houve diferenças morfofisiológicas distintas entre os tratamentos. O PS (inoculado ou não) apresentou maior relação com os parâmetros de produtividade (rendimento de grãos, peso de 100 sementes, altura da planta e número de folhas) do que o PD em ambas as safras. Entre os híbridos, Dekalb 255 PRO3 apresentou maior produtividade e peso de 100 sementes. Assim, este híbrido foi considerado bem adaptado para a entressafra no oeste do Paraná, Brasil. O efeito da inoculação foi praticamente nulo e não influenciou na produtividade estimada dos diferentes híbridos escolhidos.

ABSTRACT Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Clusiaceae, species became the target of studies for some years because it has several compounds including polyprenylated benzophenones, as 7-epiclusianone. This benzophenone has several properties, such as leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, however still did not be studied anxiolytic activity. For this, the open field and elevated plus maze tests were used in order to evaluate the effect of administration of 7-epiclusianone (isolated from G. brasiliensis) on behavioral performance. Swiss male mice (n = 10 per group) were pre-treated with vegetable oil (10 ml/kg; i.p.) or 7-epiclusianone (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). After 1 h, the animals were submitted to the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The administration of 7-epiclusianone exerted a possible anxiolytic effect in the open field, increased the number of central crossings and anti-tigmotactic effect. In pre-treated group with 7-epiclusianone (10 mg/kg) was also possible to determine a possible anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze due to increased permanence of animals in the open arms. The results suggest a possible anxiolytic-like effect presented by the 7-epiclusianone and suggest its potential for the treatment of anxiety.

Garcinia brasiliensis, popularly known as Bacupari, is native to the Amazon and commonly used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds like benzophenones. However, there are no works about the in vitro establishment and achievement of secondary metabolites in this plant. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the growth curve and to perform the biochemical and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari. The growth curve of calli followed a sigmoidal pattern, with four distinct phases (lag, exponential, linear, deceleration). Total soluble sugars were higher on the inoculation day and the reducing sugars on the 20 th day. Amino acids increased from the 60 th day up to the stabilization on the 120 th day. The protein content varied, but it seemed to be related to the amino acids metabolism. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli and the HPLC analysis allowed the identification of Fukugetin, Guttiferone A and 7-epiclusianone.

Migrar, fazer uma poupança e retornar é o projeto da maioria dos emigrantes. Para alcançar esse objetivo trabalham em mais de um emprego por longas horas e em condições de trabalho precárias. Tais condições colocam em risco a saúde física e psicológica. Quais as condições de saúde física e mental do emigrante no retorno? Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa realizada na Microrregião de Governador Valadares, demonstra que a carga excessiva de trabalho, a falta de segurança, o estresse, a falta de lazer e a não acessibilidade aos programas de saúde no país de destino têm como consequência a saúde comprometida do emigrante quando retorna.

Migrate, save, and return home is the project of most emigrants. In order to do this, they work more than one job for long hours and in precarious work conditions. These conditions put at risk physical and psychological health. What are the physical and mental health conditions of the emigrant when returning home? This article, based on a research carried out in the micro region of Governador Valadares, Brazil, shows that the excessive work load, the lack of safety at work, stress, the lack of leisure time, and the lack of access to the health programs in the destination country causea decline in the health of the emigrants when they return home.

This work propose a recursive neural network to solve inverse equilibrium problem. The acidity constants of 7-epiclusianone in ethanol-water binary mixtures were determined from multiwavelength spectrophotmetric data. A linear relationship between acidity constants and the %w/v of ethanol in the solvent mixture was observed. The proposed method efficiency is compared with the Simplex method, commonly used in nonlinear optimization techniques. The neural network method is simple, numerically stable and has a broad range of applicability.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of processing (semi-dry and dry) and roasting (light, medium and dark) on the antioxidant activity of coffee brews, using tests to determine the reducing power and the DPPH scavenging, Fe+2 chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. All of the coffee brews presented concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. The light coffee samples presented the higher reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity. Its ion chelating capacity was similar to the medium samples, but was less than the green coffee chelating capacity. The semi-dry processing was more efficient than the dry processing only for the reducing power. All of the samples presented high lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Based on the results the degree of coffee roasting seems to be more important than the processing to determine the antioxidant activity of brews.

Chromatography is a means of separating mixtures into their several components. TLC, mainly a liquid/solid process, is one of the separation techniques most often used. It is indispensable in laboratories dealing with natural products, organic and analytical chemistry. Commercial chromatography plates are offered at relatively high cost. In this work the construction of a hand-operated plate coater of stationary phases of low cost and good reproducibility is described to be used in teaching laboratories and research.

This study was performed to establish the correlation between the growth conditions and essential oil composition of Hyptis suaveolens from Alfenas (MG), Brazil. The plants were grown in a greenhouse, four treatments were used and they were harvested at two different periods of time (60 and 135-day-old plants). The essential oil composition was determined by GC-MS analysis. The terpenes spathulenol, globulol, dehydroabietol, a-cadinol and beta-phellandrene were the major constituents found in the essential oil. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes represented the main group of constituents in most of the treatments. The major changes in the essential oil composition were found in 135-day-old plants grown under NPK deficiency. We also identified three groups of volatile components that have not been previously described in H suaveolens.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do processamento e grau de torração sobre a atividade antioxidante da bebida de café. Foram analisadas bebidas preparadas com café nos graus de torração claro, médio e escuro. Foram determinados o pH, o conteúdo de sólidos totais, o conteúdo de polifenóis, o conteúdo de substâncias redutoras e o conteúdo de ácidos clorogênicos. Além disto, foram analisadas a atividade antioxidante dos extratos aquosos, a descoloração do guaiacol e a capacidade de inibição da formação de peróxidos lipídicos. A atividade antioxidante mostrou ser dependente da concentração da bebida de café. Foi observada redução progressiva da atividade antioxidante e de compostos fenólicos com o grau de torração. O café submetido à torra clara apresentou atividade antioxidante máxima e o café com maior grau de torra apresentou a menor atividade antioxidante. Os resultados indicam que a ingestão de bebidas preparadas com cafés de torras clara e média pode proteger a célula contra os efeitos do estresse oxidativo.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of processing and roasting on the antioxidant activity of coffee brews. Brews prepared with light, medium and dark roasted coffees were analyzed. The pH, total solids content, polyphenols content, reducing substances and chlorogenic acids content were determined. The antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts, the guaicol decolorizing and the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation were also analyzed. The antioxidant activity of coffee brews were concentration-dependent. A progressive antioxidant activity and polyphenols content was observed decreasing with roasting. The light roasted coffee showed the highest antioxidant activity and dark roasted coffee showed the lowest antioxidant activity. The results indicate that the ingestion of coffee brews prepared with light and medium roasted coffees might protect cells from oxidative stress damages.

A análise das ações executadas por Roberto de Oliveira Campos como Ministro do Planejamento do governo Castelo Branco. Através desta experiência no governo mostra-se as diferenças entre idealizações, implantação e funcionamento de instituições e discorre-se a respeito da relação conflituosa entre governo e trabalhadores e entre governo e empresários nacionais.

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Rheedia gardneriana led to the isolation of sesquiterpenes mixture, methyl esters of fatty acids (palmitate, estearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate), sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose), triterpene (oleanolic acid), steroids mixture (stigmasterol and sitosterol) and the new tetraprenylated benzophenone 7-epiclusianone.